In the quest for sustainable agriculture, effective management of crop residues has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing soil health, improving crop yields, and reducing environmental impact. Crop residue management in modern farming practices can increase organic matter, enhance nutrient availability, and improve soil structure, which collectively contributes to more resilient and productive agricultural systems. Additionally, the article discusses innovative techniques such as resource conservation technology, residue recycling, its utilization and alternative uses like composting, bio fuels, bio gas/energy and mulching. On the other hand, burning of crop residue increases greenhouse gas emissions and environment pollution. By adopting effective crop residue management practices, farmers can significantly achieve sustainability goals, ensuring long-term agricultural viability and environmental stewardship.