Mathematical statistics are used to analyze the results of scientific research of living organisms in the educational process by higher education students of the first and second level of specialties 014.05 Secondary education (Biology and human health), 091 Biology, 101 Ecology. It is also an important component of graduate and doctoral dissertation research. Mathematical statistics can be applied during the analysis of populations (determine the age composition, indices of generativity, aging, recovery, build age spectra, clusters), and population genetics. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude the state of the population and analyze the effectiveness of using fertilizers and other substances to determine the yield of plant varieties (average yield, yield increase ± to control).