(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Modern research in the conservation biology of bats enables us to establish the status of these mammals on the basis of their demography and population dynamics. Data obtained from bat remains found in fossil and sub-fossil localities provide the means for this long-term tracking of populations, of which many good examples are available in published papers. In this paper we present an overview of how bat fossils can be useful in conservation biology and give a number of examples. As well, we discuss the limitations of the use of these mammals for this purpose.