{"references": ["Adams, M., Baverstock, P .R ., Watts, C.H.S. and Reardon, T. ( 1987a). Electrophoretic resolution of species boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. I. Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Aust. J. Bioi. Sci. 40: 143-62.", "Adams, M ., Baverstock, P .R., Watts, C.H.S. and Reardon, T. ( 1987b). Electrophoretic resolution of species boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. II. The Pipistrellus group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Aust. J. Bioi. Sci. 40: 163-70.", "Adams, M., Baverstock, P. R., Watts, C. H .S. and Reardon, T. ( 1988). Electrophoretic resolution of species boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. IV. The Molossidae (Chiroptera). Aust. J. Bio!. Sci. 41 : 315-26.", "Aitken, P. ( 1975). Two new bat records from South Australia with a field key and checklist to the bats of the state, South Aust. Nat. 50 (1): 9- 15.", "Baker, R.J., Atchley, W.R. and McDaniel, V.R. ( 1972). Karyology and morphometrics of Peter's tent making bat Uroderma bibobatum Peters (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Syst. Zoo!' 21: 414-429.", "Barghoorn, S. F. ( 1977). New material of Vespertiliavus Schlosser ( Mammalia, Chiroptera) and suggested relationships of emballonurid bats based on cranial morphology. Am. Mus. Novit. 2618: 1 -29.", "Baverstock, P. R. ( 1989). Applications of molecular genetic techniques in zoology. Aust. Zool. Rev. 1: 1 - 13 . Blackith, R.E. and Reyment, R.A. ( 1971). Multivariate morphometrics. Academic Press: London. 412 pp. Buckland-Wright, J.c. ( 1978). Bone structure and patterns of force transmission in the cat skull (Felix carus). J. Morph. 155: 35-62.", "Campbell, N.A. and Kitchener, D.J . ( 1980). Morphological divergence in the genus Eptesicus ( Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Western Australia: a multivariate approach. Aust. J. Zoo!' 28: 457-474.", "Carpenter, S. M., McKean, J. L. and Richards, G .c. ( 1978). Multivariate morphometric analysis of Eptesicus ( Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Australia. Aust. J. Zoo!. 26: 629-638.", "Chimimba, C.T. ( 1987). A systematic revision of Australian Emballonuridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and an appraisal of generic relationships within the family Emballonuridae. MSc. Thesis, Dept. of Zoology, University of Western Australia. 301 pp.", "Chimimba, C.T. and-Kitchener, D.J. ( 1987). Breeding in the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat, Saccolaimus jlaviventris ( Peters, 1867) (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae). Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 13(2): 241 -248.", "Compton, A. and Johnson, P. M . (1983). Observations of the Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae), in the Townsville region of Queensland. Aust. Mamma!. 6: 83-87.", "Corbet, G. B. and Hill, J .E. ( 1986). A world list o/mammalian species. Second Ed . Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) and Cornell Univ. Press: London and Ithaca, N. Y. 254 pp.", "Dobson, G. E. (1878). Catalogue o/the Chiroptera in the collection o/the British Museum. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) London: 378-390.", "Findley, J . S . and Traut, G. L. (1970). Geographic variation in Pipistrellus hesperus. J. Mamm. 51 : 741 -765. Freeman, P.W. ( 1981). A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera), morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana Zoo!' new ser. No. 7, pub!. 1316: 1 -173.", "Goodwin, R. E. (1979). The bats of Timor. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 163: 75-122.", "Gould, S.J . (1984). Covariance sets and ordered geographic variation in Cerion from Aruba, Bonaire and Curasao: A way of studying non-adaption. Syst. Zoo!' 33(2): 217-237.", "Gould, S.J. and Woodruff, D.S. (1978). Natural history of Cerion. VIII. Little Bahama Bank - A revision based on genetics, morphometrics and geographic distribution. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo!' 148: 371 -415.", "Hall, L.S. (1983a). North-eastern Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous australis. p. 311. In: The Australian Museum Complete Book 0/Australian Mammals. (Ed. R. Strahan). Angus and Robertson Publishers: London, Sydney and Melbourne. 530 pp.", "Hall, L.S. (1983 b). Naked-rumped Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous saccolaimus. p. 312. In: The Australian Museum Complete Book 0/Australian Mammals. (Ed. R. Strahan). Angus and Robertson Publishers: London, Sydney and Melbourne. 530 pp.", "Hall, L.S. and Richards, G.e. (1979). Bats of Eastern Australia. Queensl. Mus. Booklet. No. 12.66 pp.", "Hildebrand , M. (1974). Analysis 0/ Vertebrate Structure. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 710 pp.", "Hill, J . E. and Smith, J.D. (1984). Bats, a natural history. Rigby Publishers: Adelaide, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, 243 pp.", "Hill, J .E. and Harrison, D. L. (1987). The baculum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus and the description of a new genus and subgenus. Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 52: 225-305 .", "Hollister, N . ( 1913). Two new bats of the genus Taphozous. Proc. Bioi. Soc. Washington. 26: 157-158.", "Honacki, J . N., Kinman, K. E. and Koeppl, J. W. (1982), Mammal species o.lthe ll'orld. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Alien Press and Assoc. : Lawrence, 694 pp.", "Hull, e.H. and Nie , N. H. (1981 ). SPSS Update 7-9. McGraw-Hill Book company: New York, 402 pp.", "Jones, J . K., Jr., and Genoways, H . H . (1970). Chiropteran Systematics. pp. 3-2 I . In: About Bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium ( Eds. B. H . Slaughter and D. W. WaIton). Southern Methodist Univ. Press, Dallas, 339 pp.", "Kitchener, D.J . ( 1973). Reproduction in the common Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous georgianus (Thomas) ( Microchiroptera: Emballonuridae) in Western Australia. Aust. J. Zool. 21: 375-389.", "Kitchener, D,J, ( 1976). Further observations on reproduction in the common Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous georgianus Thomas , 1915 in Western Australia, with notes on the gular pouch. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 4: 335-347.", "Kitchener, D.J. ( 1980). Taphozous hilli sp. novo ( Chiroptera: Emballonuridae), a new Sheath-tailed bat from Western Australia and Northern Territory. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 8( 2): 161- / 69.", "Kitchener, D.J. ( 1983a). Common Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous georgianus p. 309. In: The Australian Museum Complete Book o.lAustralian Mammals ( Ed . R . Strahan) . Angus and Robertson Publishers: London, Sydney and Melbourne, 530 pp.", "Kitchener, D.J. ( 1983b). Hill's Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous hilli p. 317. In: The Australian Museum Complete Book olAustralian Mammals ( Ed. R . Strahan ) . Angus and Robertson Publishers: London , Sydney and Melbourne, 530 pp.", "Kitchener, D.J. and Caputi, N. ( 1985). Systematic revision of Australian Scoteanax and Scolorepens (Chiroptera: Vespertiliomdae), with remarks on relationships to other Nycticeiini. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 12( I): 85- 146.", "Kitchener, D.J., Caputi, N. and Jones, B. ( 1986). Revision of Australo-Papuan Pipistrellus and of Falsistrellus ( Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 12(4): 435-495.", "Kitchener, D.J., Jones, B, Caputi, N. ( 1987). Revision of Australian Eptesicus ( Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 13: 427-500.", "Koopman, K ,F. ( 1970). Zoogeography of bats. pp. 29-50. In: About Bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium. (Ed. B.H. Slaughter and D.W. Walton). Southern Methodist Univ. Press: Dallas, 339 pp.", "Koopman, K.F.( 1984b).Taxonomic and distributional notes on tropical Australian bats. Am. Mus. NOlO\" 2778 : 1-48 .", "Koopman, K .F. and Cockrum, E .L. ( 1967). Bats, pp 109-115. In: Recent Mammalso.lthe World, 'A synopsis 0.1 lamilies. . (Ed. S. Anderson and J. Knox-Jones Jr.), Ronald Press Company: New York. 453 pp .", "Mahalanobis, P.e. 1936 ( ), On the generalised distance in statistiCS. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 2: 49-55.", "Mahoney, J.A. and Walton, D.W. ( 1988). Emballonuridae, pp 114 -/20. In: Zoological Catalogue ol Australia, Vo!. 5, Mammalia Aust. Govt Pub!. Serv., Canberra.", "McGee-Russel , S . M . (1958) . Histochemical methods for calcium. J. Histochem. and Cytochem. 6: 22.", "McKean,J .L .(1983) . White-striped sheath-tailed bat, Taphozous kapalgensis, p. 316. In: The Australian Museum Complete Book 0.1 Australian Mammals. (Ed. R. Strahan). Angus and Robertson Publishers: London , Sydney , Melbourne . 530 pp.", "McKean , J . L .and Friend ,G .R.( 1979). Taphozous kapalgensis, a new species of Sheath-tailed bat from the Northern Territory ,Australia . Vict. Nat. 96: 239-241.", "McKean, J .L., Friend, G .R. and Hertog, A .L. ( 1980). Occurrence of the Sheath-tailed bat Taphozous saccolaimus in the Northern Territory. N. Terr. Nat. 4: 20.", "McKean,J . L.,and Price,W.J.(1978).Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in northern Australia with some remarks on its systematics. Mammalia. 3: 343-347.", "McKean, J.L., Richards, G .C. and Price, W.J. ( 1978). A taxonomic appraisal of Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Australia. Aust. J. Zool. 26: 529-537.", "McLellan, L.J.(1984). A morphometric analysis of Carol/ia (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 2791: 1-35.", "Medway, L. ( 1977). Mammals of Borneo. Percetakan Mas Sdn.: KualaLumpur. 172 pp.", "Miller, G.S. ( 1907). The families and genera of bats. Bull. V .S. Nat. Mus. 57: 1-282.", "Monticelli, S. ( 1889). Some remarks on the genus Taphozous. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3(6): 487-489.", "Myers, P. ( 1978). Sexual dimorphism of vespertilionid bats. Amer. Natur. 112: 701-711.", "Nie, N.H., Hull,C.,Jenkins,J.G ., Steinbrenner, K. and Bent, D. H. ( 1975). Statistical Packagefor the Social Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York. 675 pp.", "Parker, S.A. ( 1973). An annotated checklist ofthe native land mammals of the Northern Territory. Rec. S. Aust. Mus. 16: I-57.", "Peterson, R.L. ( 1965). A review of the bats of the genus Ametrida, family Phyllostomatidae. Roy. Onto Mus., Life Science Contrib. 65: 1- 13.", "Pielou, E.e. ( 1984). The interpretation ofecological data - a primer in classification and ordination. John Wiley and Sons: New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto and Singapore. pp. 263.", "Power, D.M. and Tamsitt, J. R. ( 1973). Variation in Phyllostomus discolour (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae). Can. J. Zool. 51: 245-276.", "Rails, K. ( 1976). Mammals in which females are larger than males. Quart. Rev. BioI. 51 : 245-276.", "Rao, e. R. ( 1948). The utilization of multiple measurements in problems ofbiological classification. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B, 10: 159-193.", "Richards, G.C. ( 1983a). Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed bat, Taphozousj7aviventris, p 315. In: The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. ( Ed. R. Strahan). Angus and Robertson Publishers: London, Sydney, Melbourne. 530 pp.", "Ridgway, R. ( 1912). Color standards and color nomenclature. Ridgway: Washington, D.e. pp. 43.", "Robbins, L. W. and Sarich, V. M . ( 1988). Evolutionary relationships in the family Emballonuridae (Chiroptera). J. Mammal 69: 1 - 13.", "Sanborn, e.C. ( 1937). American bats of the subfamily Emballonurinae. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. nat. Hist. 20: 321-354.", "Simpson, G.G. ( 1945). The principles of classification and a classification of Mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 85: 1 -350.", "Slaughter, B. H . ( 1970). Evolutionary trends of chiropteran dentition. pp 51 -83. In: About Bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium. ( Ed. B. H. Slaughter and D. W. Walton). Southern Methodist Univ. Press: Dallas. 339 pp.", "Sneath, P. H.A. and Sokal, R. R. (1973). Numerical Taxonomy. W. H . Freeman: San Francisco. 573 pp.", "Sody, H.J.V. ( 1931). Six new mammals from Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo. Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned. -Ind. 91: 349-360.", "Sokal, R. R . and Rohlf, F.J . (1981 ) . Biometry, 2nd Ed. , W. H . Freeman and Company: New York. 859 pp.", "Strahan, R. (1983). (Ed.) The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Angus and Robertson Publishers: London, Sydney, Melbourne. 530 pp.", "Tate, G. H. H . (1941 ). Results ofthe Archbold Expeditions, No. 37. Notes on Oriental Taphozous and allies. Am. Mus. Novit. 1141 : 1 -5 .", "Tate, G. H . H . ( 1952). Results of the Archbold Expeditions, No. 66. Mammals of Cape York Peninsula, with notes on the occurrence of rainforest in Queensland. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 98(7): 563-616.", "Tate, G . H . H . and Archbold , R . ( 1939). A revision of the genus Emballonura( Chiroptera). Am. Mus. NOl'il. 1035: 1 - 14.", "Taylor, J . M . ( 1984). The Oxford guide to the Mammals 0.1' Australia. Oxford University Press: Oxford, Auckland , New York, Melbourne. 148 pp.", "Thomas, O. ( 1922). The generic classification of the Taphozous group. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9(9): 266-267.", "Thorpe, R.S. ( 1976). Biometric analysis of geographic variation and racial affinities. Bioi. Rev. 51: 407-457.", "Tidemann, CR., Woodside, D.P., Adams, M . and Baverstock, P. R. ( 1981). Taxonomic separation of Eptesicus ( Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in South-eastern Australia by discriminant analysis and electrophoresis. Aust. J. Zool. 29: 119- 128.", "Troughton, E. Le G. ( 1925). A revision of the genera Taphozous and Saccolaimus ( Chiroptera) in Australia and New Guinea, including a new species and a note on two Malayan forms. Rec. Aust. Mus. 14: 313-339.", "Vestjens, W.J . M . and Hall, L.S . ( 1977). Stomach contents of forty two species ofbats from the Australasian region. Aust. Wildl. Res. 4: 25-35.", "Volleth, M. and Tidemann, CR . ( 1989). Chromosome studies in three genera of Australian vespertilionid bats and their systematic implications, Teitschrilifur Saugetierskunde 54: 215-22.", "Wiley, E.O. ( 1981). Phylogenetics: The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics, John Wiley and Sons: New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. 439 pp.", "Zar, J . H . ( 1974). Biostatistical \u416e\u617e\u6c27\u7369\u732e Prentice-Hall, Inc.: Englewood Cliffs, N.J . 620 pp."]}

Numerical and classical taxonomic approaches based on the morphology of the skull, teeth and external characters, including the morphology of the baculum and glans penis, have been applied to clarify the specific and generic status of the Austrahan Emballonuridae. We now recogmse the following eight Australian emballonurid species: Saccolaimus flaviventris, S. mixtus, S. saccolaimus; Taphozous australis, T. hilli, T. kapalgensis and T. troughtoni. The genera Saccolaimus and Taphozous in Australia are separated on cranial, dental and external morphology. A parallel study by us (unpubhshed data) on generic relationships within the family Emballonuridae. based on phylogenetie analysis of qualitative cranial data, supports the recognition of Saccolaimus and Taphozous as distinct genera.