The white paper on Business Models for Open Access proposes that there is no single ideal business model for Open Access that can be adopted as standard. It describes the current landscape in which there are multiple approaches to OA publishing, many of which are adopted by OPERAS members to suit their particular circumstances, although the APC and BPC models still predominate especially among commercial publishers. The paper describes the business models adopted by members both from the point of view of publishers, and of service providers such as Knowledge Unlatched, as well as looking at models emerging elsewhere such as in the USA and at national level in some European countries, where interesting collaborative approaches are being undertaken. The paper analyses the pros and cons of different models, and concludes with some suggestions for ways of bringing greater stability and sustainability to Open Access publishing models.

{"references": ["G. Crossick, Monographs and Open Access, HEFCE, 2015", "Deegan and Jubb, Academic Book of the Future, AHRC and British Library, 2017", "Ferwerda, Pinter and Stern, Landscape Study on Open Access and Monographs, Knowledge Exchange, 2017"]}