The article deals with the essence and content of the activity of boarding educational institutions of Ukraine in the the 60’s – the first half of the 70’s of the twentieth century. The tendencies of development are given; the characteristics of the functioning of educational establishments are characterized; the goals and main tasks of children’s social education are defined. The peculiarities of the practical embodiment of the content aspects of the social education of the younger generation are represented. The organizational and methodological conditions of the efficiency of pedagogical technologies’ usage in Ukrainian boarding schools are revealed and analyzed. In the article the author summarizes the results of a retrospective analysis of the content and methods of social education of the younger generation in the theory and practice of residential education. It is noted that its content was aimed at the main goal – the upbringing of a new stratum of people, conscious and active builders of communism. It is underlined that the key areas of children’s social education such as atheistic, aesthetic, labor, moral, and physical, promoted the elevation of the ideological and political level, the formation of communist beliefs and the scientific outlook of the younger generation.