This is a publicly available georeferenced ethnohistoric dataset based on Nimuendajú (2017). These data were first used in Barsanetti and Ferreira (2024). We have made this folder available to the wider public for use in academic, not-for-profit research. If you use these data in one of your papers, please cite the data (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12772630) and also the following references (or newer versions of them): Nimuendajú, Curt (2017). Mapa Etno-Histórico do Brasil e Regiões Adjacentes. Brasília: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Barsanetti, Bruno, and Alípio Ferreira (2024). “Historical Indigenous Extinctions and Modern Deforestation in the Amazon.” Working paper. Please refer to Barsanetti and Ferreira (2024) for a detailed explanation of the dataset and preparation and a discussion of its strengths and limitations. Please read the "Read Me" file for details on the files, which are in the compressed folder "Compressed Data". We appreciate the research assistance of Matheus Dutra, Alan Gayger, Lilian Kingston Freitas, and Alexandre Portugal. Please contact us by email at bruno.barsanetti@fgv.br for any inquiries. This version of the dataset was published on July 18, 2024. Bruno Barsanetti, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and FinanceAlipio Ferreira, Southern Methodist University