Aim: This study was conducted to compare the outcome of nasal prong and nasal mask interfaces in preterm infants on CPAP support due to respiratory distress. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed at Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India for the period of one year. Results: A total of 148 preterm infants were assessed for eligibility to the study of which 28 newborns were excluded from the study as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 120 babies were enrolled in the study, of which 12 babies were ventilated due to CPAP failure and 8 babies left against medical advice before the study could be completed and hence were excluded. Finally, 100 participants completed the study. 50 participants were enrolled in Group A (nasal prongs) and 50 in Group B (nasal masks). The mean duration of CPAP administration in Group A (nasal prongs) was 4.536 ± 0.86 days and in Group B (nasal masks) was 5.205 ± 0.614 days (P = 0.0778). Babies in Group A had an average hospital stay of 21.36 ± 5.14 days, and babies in Group B had hospital stay of 24.58 ± 7.31 days (P = 0.7900). CPAP failure was seen in 10 (20%) babies in Group A and 11 (22%) babies in Group B (P = 0.7395). Conclusion: Based on our study, we concluded that the use of binasal prongs and nasal masks as interface during CPAP therapy makes no difference in overall outcome of nasal trauma in the patient. Both were found equally effective and comparable to each other.

Aim: This study was conducted to compare the outcome of nasal prong and nasal mask interfaces in preterm infants on CPAP support due to respiratory distress. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed at Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India for the period of one year. Results: A total of 148 preterm infants were assessed for eligibility to the study of which 28 newborns were excluded from the study as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 120 babies were enrolled in the study, of which 12 babies were ventilated due to CPAP failure and 8 babies left against medical advice before the study could be completed and hence were excluded. Finally, 100 participants completed the study. 50 participants were enrolled in Group A (nasal prongs) and 50 in Group B (nasal masks). The mean duration of CPAP administration in Group A (nasal prongs) was 4.536 ± 0.86 days and in Group B (nasal masks) was 5.205 ± 0.614 days (P = 0.0778). Babies in Group A had an average hospital stay of 21.36 ± 5.14 days, and babies in Group B had hospital stay of 24.58 ± 7.31 days (P = 0.7900). CPAP failure was seen in 10 (20%) babies in Group A and 11 (22%) babies in Group B (P = 0.7395). Conclusion: Based on our study, we concluded that the use of binasal prongs and nasal masks as interface during CPAP therapy makes no difference in overall outcome of nasal trauma in the patient. Both were found equally effective and comparable to each other.