The wrasse family Labridae sensu stricto contains 548 species at latest count at the end of 2017. The previous checklist by Parenti & Randall (2011) included 504 species: the additional species represent new discoveries (41 new species) plus resurrections from synonymy (6) minus species names synonymized (3). The total number of genera is maintained at 70 as two new genera have been erected (Sagittalarva Victor, Alfaro & Sorenson, 2013 for Pseudojuloides inornatus (Gilbert, 1890) and Novaculops Schultz, 1960, removed from synonymy with Xyrichtys Cuvier, 1814), and two genera have been synonymized: Nelabrichthys Russell, 1983 is a junior synonym of Suezichthys Smith, 1958 (Russell & Westneat 2013) and Xiphocheilus Bleeker, 1856 is now regarded as a subgenus of Choerodon Bleeker, 1847 (Gomon 2017). There are some discrepancies with the total number of species (558) reported by the Catalog of Fishes by Eschmeyer et al. (2018) and they are discussed herein. Only one species of parrotfish (Scaridae) has been described as new since the last checklist in 2011.