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Nutrition
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It's craving time: time of day effects on momentary hunger and food craving in daily life

Authors: Reichenberger, Julia; Richard, Anna; Smyth, Joshua M.; Fischer, Dana; Pollatos, Olga; Blechert, Jens;

It's craving time: time of day effects on momentary hunger and food craving in daily life

Abstract

Objective. A key determinant of food intake besides hunger is food craving, which refers to an intense desire to consume a specific food. Although both frequently co-occur, they are conceptually different and their dissociation is thought to underlie unhealthy eating (e.g., eating in the absence of hunger). To date, we know almost nothing about their coherence (or dissociation) in daily life, or about the role of time of the day and different food types. Research Methods & Procedure. The present investigation assessed both hunger and food craving for several food categories in daily life using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment. Across three independent studies (n = 50, n = 51 and n = 59), participants received five/six prompts a day and reported their momentary hunger and desire for tasty food (a subcomponent of food craving). Results. Consistent across studies, hunger and desire for tasty food exhibited largely similar patterns throughout the day with two peaks (roughly corresponding to lunch and dinner). Examining more specific food categories, study 3 showed that while desire for main meal-type foods showed a two peak pattern in coherence with hunger, this pattern was different for snacktype foods: desire for fruits decreased, whereas desire for sweets and salty snacks increased throughout the day with less coherence with hunger. Conclusions. These findings suggest that dissociations between hunger and craving are seen only for snack-type foods while hunger and general food cravings cohere strongly. Interventions addressing snacking may take these circadian patterns of food cravings into account.

Keywords

Adult, Male, Time Factors, Hunger, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Feeding Behavior, Circadian Rhythm, Eating, Young Adult, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Female, Snacks, Meals, Craving

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
71
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 10%
hybrid