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{"references": ["1.\tAbrams, M. H., & Harpham, G. (2011).A glossary of literary terms. Engage Learning. 2.\tAlabi, V. (2007).Lexico-syntactic, phonological and graphological patterns, choices and devices in discourse.Critical perspectives on English language & literature. 3.\tBradford, R. (1997) .Stylistics .London: Routledge. 4.\tCrystal, D. (2011). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (Vol. 30).John Wiley & Sons. 5.\tCuddon, J. A. (2012). A dictionary of literary terms and literary theory. John Wiley & Sons. 6.\tFirmage, G. J., & Kennedy, R. S. (1983). Etcetera: The Unpublished Poems of EE Cummings. New York, NY: Liveright. 7.\tGalperin , I. R. (1977) Stylistics. Moscow: Higher School. 8.\tLeech, G. (1965). \"'This Bread I Break': Language and interpretation. Review of English Literature, 6(2), 119-128. 9.\tLeech, G. N. & Short M. H. (1981) Style in Fiction. London: Longman. 10.\tLeech, G. N. (2014). A linguistic guide to English poetry (Vol. 4).Routledge. 11.\tMazor, Yair. (2008)Israeli Poetry of the Holocaust. Associated University Presse. 12.\tMuka\u0159ovsk\u00fd, J. (1970). Standard language and poetic language.Chapters from the history of Czech functional linguistics, pp.40-56. 13.\tRichards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (2013).Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics. Routledge. 14.\tRosenblitt, J. A. (2016). EE Cummings' Modernism and the Classics: Each Imperishable Stanza. Oxford University Press. 15.\tShort, M. (1996) Exploring the Language of Poems, plays and Prose Harlow: Longman. 16.\tSimpson,P. (2004). Stylistics: A Resource Book for Students. London, New York: Routledge. 17.\tTompkins, J. (1993). West of everything: The inner life of westerns. Oxford University Press. 18.\tTurner, A. (1992). To Make a Poem. Rowman& Littlefield. 19.\tVerdonk,P. (2002) Stylistics. New York: Oxford University Press. 20.\tWales, K. (2014). A dictionary of stylistics. Routledge. 21.\tWiddowson, H. G. (2014). Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. Routledge."]}
To begin with, stylistics in the one hand is a discipline of applied linguistics that utilizes linguistic theories, perspectives and methods in analyzing all the literary narratives. More tellingly, stylistics in the one side is a field of study that stands between literary criticism and linguistics, i.e. it involves both literature and linguistics. Foregrounding in the other side refers to the use of literary devices (poetic language, parallelism and deviation for instance) for the sake of challenging the common and/or traditional literary norms and achieving deautomatization or literary –aesthetic functions. In addition, e. e. Cummings American poet;is considered as one of the most celebrated poets in the modern period. He is worldly known for his Avant-grade typography, nonconformist construction and eccentric capitalization. Therefore, the main contention of this paper is to analyze literarily and stylistically Cummings’ poem Buffalo Bill in all the stylistic levels (graphological, phonological, lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels). Accordingly, this paper presents e. e. Cummings as a unique modernist poet. It explains extensively what do the concepts foregrounding and stylistics mean. Besides, this paper argues how Cummings resolved to accomplish ‘literariness’ in his poem through using eccentric typography, rebellious structures and uncommon capitalization.
Foregrounding, Deviation, Defamiliarization, Stylistics & Parallelism, Foregrounding, Deviation, Defamiliarization, Stylistics & Parallelism
Foregrounding, Deviation, Defamiliarization, Stylistics & Parallelism, Foregrounding, Deviation, Defamiliarization, Stylistics & Parallelism
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