The scope of this comprehensive review is to explore the multifaceted landscape of microbiological biotechnological interventions within the domain of mushroom cultivation. By investigating pivotal aspects such as mycorrhizal symbiosis, biological control agents, substrate microbiota, disease suppression, nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and microbial consortia, this paper sheds light on the integral role of microorganisms in influencing the development, productivity, and caliber of cultivated mushroom.