This Supplementary material encompasses the archaeological radiocarbon dates for the Iberian Peninsula analyzed in the article “Palaeo-demographic modelling supports a population bottleneck during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Iberia". Specifically: ‘PALEODEM_dataset.csv’ provides the dataset in comma-separated format. Contains the compiled raw data of each radiocarbon date used by every analytical procedure. ‘PALEODEM_sites.xlsx’ is a spreadsheet containing the basic information of each archaeological site analyzed in this work. The columns include ID_site, name of Archaeological site, no of 14C dates, no of assemblages, Regional Unit of correspondence, and bibliographical Reference. ‘REFERENCES for PALEODEM_sites.docx’ is a text archive that collects the bibliographical references listed in the above mentioned ‘Reference’ column, that have been the main sources of archaeological information.