Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus (Linnaeus 1766) [Mus] citellus Linnaeus 1766, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1: 80. Type Locality: " Austria "; restricted by Martino and Martino (1940) to "Wagram, Niederosterrich" (Bauer, 1960:254). Vernacular Names: European Ground Squirrel. Synonyms: Spermophilus (Spermophilus) macedonicus Fraguedakis-Tsolis and Ondrias 1977. Subspecies:: Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. citellus Linnaeus 1766 Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. gradojevici Martino 1929 Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. istricus Calinescu 1934 Subspecies Spermophilus (Spermophilus) citellus subsp. martinoi Peshchev 1955 Distribution: SE Germany, Czech Republic, SW Poland through SE Europe to European Turkey, Moldovia and W Ukraine. Conservation: IUCN – Vulnerable. Discussion: Subgenus Spermophilus. Formerly included dauricus and xanthoprymnus as in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:506); but see Gromov et al. (1965:208, 237), Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970), and Orlov and Davaa (1975). Cytogenetics described by Belcheva and Peshev (1985) and Soldatovic et al. (1984); xanthoprymnus is now considered to be more closely aligned with suslicus and dauricus (Harrison et al., 2003).

Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae, pp. 754-818 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 805, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535