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{"references": ["C. Manach, A. Scalbert, C. Morand, C. R\u00e9m\u00e9sy, and L. Jim\u00e9nez, Am, \"Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability,\" J. Clin. Nutr., 79 (5), 727\u201347 (2004).", "G. S. Asthana, P. K. Sharma, and A. Asthana, \"In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Niosomal Formulation for Controlled Delivery of Clarithromycin\", Scientifica, 2016, 6492953 (2016).", "H. Choi, D. Kim, J. W. Kim, S. Ngadiran, M. R. Sarmidi, and C. S. Park, \"Labisia pumila extract protects skin cells from photoaging caused by UVB irradiation,\" J. Biosci. Bioeng., 109 (3), 291\u20136 (2010).", "M. R. Sulaiman, M. K. Hussain, Z. A. Zakaria, M. N. Somchit, and S. Moin, \"Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract Fitoterapia\", 79, 557\u2013561 (2008).", "B. Vora, A. Khopade, and N. Jain, \"Proniosome based transdermal delivery of levonorgestrel for effective contraception,\" J. Control. release, 54, 149\u2013165 (1998).", "D. Fry, J. White, and I. Goldman, \"Rapid separation of low molecular weight solutes from liposomes without dilution,\" Anal. Biochem., 90 (2), 809\u2013815 (1978).", "K. A. Shah, A. A. Date, M. D. Joshi, and V. B. Patravale, \"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of tretinoin: potential in topical delivery,\" Int. J. Pharm., 345 (1\u20132), 163\u2013171(2007).", "J. Misik, R. Pavlikova, J. Cabal, L. Novotny, and K. Kuca, \"Original article method of static diffusion cells for assessment of pesticides skin permeation,\" Mil. Med. Sci. Lett., 80, 46\u201351(2011).", "A. C. Sintov and L. Shapiro, \"New microemulsion vehicle facilitates percutaneous penetration in vitro and cutaneous drug bioavailability in vivo\" J. Control. Release, 95 (2), 173\u2013183 (2004).\n[10]\tM. Kong, X. G. Chen, D. K. Kweon, and H. J. Park, \"Investigations on skin permeation of hyaluronic acid based nanoemulsion as transdermal carrier,\" Carbohydr. Polym., 86 (2), 837\u2013843(2011)."]}
Labisia pumila (LP) plant extract has the potential to be applied in cosmeceutical products due to its anti-photoaging properties. The main purpose of this study was to improve transdermal delivery of LP by encapsulating LP in niosomes. Niosomes loaded LPs were prepared by coacervation phase separation method using non-ionic surfactant (Span 60), labrasol, and cholesterol. The optimum formula obtained were Span 60, labrasol and cholesterol at the mole ratio of 6:1:4. At the optimum formulation, the niosome obtained significantly improved the quality of transdermal penetration of LP compared to free LP.
quality., transdermal, niosomes, Labisia pumila, TP Chemical technology
quality., transdermal, niosomes, Labisia pumila, TP Chemical technology
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