Background: Thyroid enlargement, or goitre, is a common clinical ailment with many causes and presentations. The purpose of this retrospective study is to better understand the clinical importance and public health consequences of thyroid enlargement by examining its etiological and clinicopathological characteristics in a population of 200 people. Methods: The Hospital’s electronic medical records were reviewed in a retrospective study. Patients of any age or gender who had evidence of thyroid enlargement met the inclusion criteria, while those with missing data or a prior history of thyroid surgery did not. Clinical evaluations, diagnostic testing, and treatment histories were also collected with demographic data. Results: Two hundred people participated in the study, with 100 males and 100 females. Seventy participants ranged in age from 40 to 60, while another 60 were in their 20s and 30s. Autoimmune diseases (27.5% of cases) and iodine insufficiency (22.5%) were the predominant etiological causes. Most of the 150 patients had the clinical manifestation of a palpable neck lump. Dysphagia, dyspnea, and compressive sensations were also observed in the clinic. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, two forms of thyroid malfunction, were common. The significance of early detection and clinical therapy of thyroid enlargement is highlighted by these findings, which shed light on demographic, etiological, and clinical aspects of the condition. Conclusion: The findings of this retrospective study add to our knowledge of thyroid enlargement and highlight the critical nature of managing autoimmune illnesses and iodine insufficiency. The incidence of palpable neck masses highlights the clinical need for careful assessment. Research involving bigger and more diverse groups is required to clarify further understanding and guide methods for the prevention and treatment of thyroid swelling.

Background: Thyroid enlargement, or goitre, is a common clinical ailment with many causes and presentations. The purpose of this retrospective study is to better understand the clinical importance and public health consequences of thyroid enlargement by examining its etiological and clinicopathological characteristics in a population of 200 people. Methods: The Hospital’s electronic medical records were reviewed in a retrospective study. Patients of any age or gender who had evidence of thyroid enlargement met the inclusion criteria, while those with missing data or a prior history of thyroid surgery did not. Clinical evaluations, diagnostic testing, and treatment histories were also collected with demographic data. Results: Two hundred people participated in the study, with 100 males and 100 females. Seventy participants ranged in age from 40 to 60, while another 60 were in their 20s and 30s. Autoimmune diseases (27.5% of cases) and iodine insufficiency (22.5%) were the predominant etiological causes. Most of the 150 patients had the clinical manifestation of a palpable neck lump. Dysphagia, dyspnea, and compressive sensations were also observed in the clinic. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, two forms of thyroid malfunction, were common. The significance of early detection and clinical therapy of thyroid enlargement is highlighted by these findings, which shed light on demographic, etiological, and clinical aspects of the condition. Conclusion: The findings of this retrospective study add to our knowledge of thyroid enlargement and highlight the critical nature of managing autoimmune illnesses and iodine insufficiency. The incidence of palpable neck masses highlights the clinical need for careful assessment. Research involving bigger and more diverse groups is required to clarify further understanding and guide methods for the prevention and treatment of thyroid swelling.