Worldwide, common and widespread species are declining; in India, lack of information has meant that conservation attention has been focussed on only a few species (usually large, charismatic and threatened). Powered by citizen science, the State of India’s Birds report was created to fill this gap by assessing the conservation status of the majority of species that regularly occur in the country. The second edition of the report (SoIB 2023) extends and updates the assessments presented in SoIB 2020, based on several refinements in analytical methodology as well as a much larger information base—with a mammoth 30 million field observations uploaded to the eBird platform from over 30,000 birdwatchers spanning across the country, which includes four additional years of data than in SoIB 2020, amounting to 20 million additional data points. This enabled evaluation of the distribution range size of 942 Indian birds (867 in 2020), and their trends in abundance both in the long term (over 25+ years) and currently (since 2015). Using these three measures, plus information from the IUCN Red List of global threat status, this report places Indian species into Low, Moderate and High categories of Conservation Priority for India. In addition, SoIB 2023 has introduced new sections in the report to emphasise the importance of systematic monitoring of birds as well as the various threats to birds in India. Visit https://stateofindiasbirds.in/ for more details.