Key to species of Harttia from the rio São Francisco basin 1a. Canal plate and preanal plates present ........................................................................2 1b. Canal plate and preanal plates absent.......................................................................... 4 2a. Abdomen region between pectoral- and pelvic-fin girdles naked; anal-fin size equivalent in males and females (respectively, 11.7–18.2% and 11.7–18.7% of SL)..................................................... 3 2b. Abdomen region between pectoral- and pelvic-fin girdles partially covered by plates; anal-fin size in adult males longer than in females, respectively 20–25% and 13.9–16.1% of SL .............................................................................. H. longipinna 3a. Two to four small and circular pre-anal plates; dorsal-fin spinelet absent ....................................................................................................... H. torrenticola 3b. Two large and trapezoidal pre-anal plates, sometimes with small plates around them; dorsal-fin spinelet present.................................................................. H. canastra 4a. Thoracic plates absent; five infraorbital plates; seven branched rays on the pectoral fin ................................................................................................. H. leiopleura 4b. Three to five thoracic plates; six infraorbital plates; six branched rays on the pectoral fin ............................................................................................. H. novalimensis

Published as part of Caldas, Laís, Cherobim, Arieli Matheus & Langeani, Francisco, 2022, A new species of Harttia from the rio São Francisco basin (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), pp. 1-19 in Neotropical Ichthyology (e 220051) (e 220051) 20 (4) on page 13, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0051, http://zenodo.org/record/11074492