Background: Pancytopenia is characterized by simultaneous decrease in all the 3 formed elements of the blood i.e red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, resulting in anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Respectively. Objectives: To correlate hematological parameters with clinical findings in differentiating causes of pancytopenia. Materials & Methods: This Prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, and Ranchi. The permission to conduct this study was obtained from the central research committee of R.I.M.S. Results: In PBS, the most common finding was normocytic hypoochromic anaemia in addition to pancytopenia (60% cases). This finding was seen in patients of aplastic anaemia (100% cases), hypersplenism (100% cases) & nutritional deficiency anemia (28.5% of cases). Patients with megaloblastic anemia had macrocytic hypochromic RBCs with hyper segmented neutrophils in the PBS. 71..5% patients with mixed nutritional deficiency patients had dimorphic RBCs in PBS, Patients with aplastic anemia had hypocellular bone marrow aspirate with depressed erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis & megakaryopoiesis. Patients with megaloblastic anemia had hypercellular bone marrow with megaloblastoid changes in erythropoiesis. Patients with hyper splenismand mixed nutritional deficiency patients had mild erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow. Acute leukaemia patients had hypercellular bone marrow with predominance of blast cells. Conclusion: A comprehensive clinical, hematological and bone marrow study of patients with pancytopenia usually helps in identification of the etiology. It is very important to diagnose the cause of pancytopenia early in the disease process, so that adequate intervention could be done on time for the patient.

Background: Pancytopenia is characterized by simultaneous decrease in all the 3 formed elements of the blood i.e red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, resulting in anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Respectively. Objectives: To correlate hematological parameters with clinical findings in differentiating causes of pancytopenia. Materials & Methods: This Prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, and Ranchi. The permission to conduct this study was obtained from the central research committee of R.I.M.S. Results: In PBS, the most common finding was normocytic hypoochromic anaemia in addition to pancytopenia (60% cases). This finding was seen in patients of aplastic anaemia (100% cases), hypersplenism (100% cases) & nutritional deficiency anemia (28.5% of cases). Patients with megaloblastic anemia had macrocytic hypochromic RBCs with hyper segmented neutrophils in the PBS. 71..5% patients with mixed nutritional deficiency patients had dimorphic RBCs in PBS, Patients with aplastic anemia had hypocellular bone marrow aspirate with depressed erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis & megakaryopoiesis. Patients with megaloblastic anemia had hypercellular bone marrow with megaloblastoid changes in erythropoiesis. Patients with hyper splenismand mixed nutritional deficiency patients had mild erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow. Acute leukaemia patients had hypercellular bone marrow with predominance of blast cells. Conclusion: A comprehensive clinical, hematological and bone marrow study of patients with pancytopenia usually helps in identification of the etiology. It is very important to diagnose the cause of pancytopenia early in the disease process, so that adequate intervention could be done on time for the patient.