This is a collection of data used in our study "Palliocystidium, a new genus in the family Hydnodontaceae (Trechisporales)". Background and aims – During fieldwork in French Guiana in 2018, two fungal specimens resembling the outstanding member of the genus Subulicystidium, viz. S. oberwinkleri, were collected. This study aims to clarify species- and genus-level assignment of this material from French Guiana and S. oberwinkleri. Material and methods – Corticioid fruiting bodies and spore prints were examined and measured under a light microscope. DNA sequences of the two nuclear ribosomal regions were used for Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses: (i) large subunit-coding DNA and (ii) internal transcribed spacer. Furthermore, guanine-cytosine content of the DNA region was calculated for (i), and UNITE Species Hypotheses Matching Analysis was performed for newly generated sequences of (ii). R code (as R Markdown files), input data and results of analyses (tables, tree files and publication-ready figures) are organized as R project. To reproduce analyses, unpack the archive, navigate to the root directory, launch the R project via opening .Rproj file. as well as R markdown files for particular analysis steps.

The director of Forêt et Risques Naturels of the French forestry office (ONF-DRFRN), and Paris French Museum (Patrinat) are acknowledged for funding the field trip.