To advance the state of the art in translation process research, Toury (2004) requests the formulation of ``probabilistic explanations in translation studies''. This chapter develops these ``conditioned statements'' into a Noisy Channel Model of the translation process with the ultimate aim to predict ``particular modes of behavior'' by their observable traces in the user activity data (UAD). We first develop a Noisy Channel Model for the translation process and then present a number of research results that may serve as a basis for the formulation of observable behavioral units and of the latent states in a noisy translation process model. However, a large amount of research has still to be conducted before we might be able to get a complete picture of the various shades and complexities of the translation process.