Citizenship rights are not always perceived by the population. This leads to the Judiciary being activated, which, as a rule, requires the collection of costs whose amounts may constitute a barrier to the accessibility of financially vulnerable people for whom, during the pandemic period, the exercise of these rights has become even more relevant for the promotion of dignity human rights and the implementation of social protection. In this context, this study aims to analyze the public policy of access to Brazilian justice, notably, the action for social protection in the pandemic years of 2021 and 2020. This is a bibliographic and documentary research, with a descriptive nature and a qualitative approach. , whose theoretical framework discusses access to justice, its normative aspects and obstacles, as a public policy to promote social protection in times of neoliberalism. Subsequently, access to justice in the pandemic biennium is addressed, based on secondary data extracted from a report by the National Council of Justice, carrying out a comparative technical analysis with the years 2019 and 2018 and applying a logical-deductive basis of investigation. The results demonstrate a reduction in the number of cases filed during the pandemic years, however, an increase in actions on welfare rights and a decrease in those filed that were processed with free legal assistance. It is concluded that for the population lacking the exercise of citizenship rights, socioeconomic inequalities are reproduced in inequalities in access to justice, as public actions are insufficient to ensure broad and fair access to justice, essential to promote social protection, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.