This report examines the roles Blockchain technology (BCT)–based solutions may play to promote and support European and national responsible OS data infrastructures. The main argument is that blockchains can help implement legal and ethical requirements as well as the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable), and in particular security functions such as integrity, confidentiality and authentication of data as well as prevent falsification or misuse. Using encryption techniques, timestamping and hash functions (digital “fingerprint”), BCT offers various ways to protect and secure source data as well as program code that result from research. The use of BCTcan also be supported by different EU initiatives that aim at stimulating innovation in and diffusion of BCTs, e.g. the EU Blockchain Partnership and EU Blockchain Observatory and Forum. However, the use of BCT also implies a number of legal issues, not least to comply with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Accordingly, these issues need sufficient attention in the design as well as the use of BCT-based systems.