Fig. 6. Confocal laser scanning microscope analyses of V. minor leaves. The upper pictures outline intensity and distribution of red chlorophyll fluorescence. Excitation was achieved by 488 nm via the carotenoids. The lower pictures display the spectrum of the fluorescence determined in the red squares marked upper pictures. a: control leaves, b: leaves, which had been dipped for 10 s in chloroform.. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)