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Article . 2021
License: CC BY
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Article . 2021
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2021
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Louisianští Romové: Konstrukce rasy v koloniálním Karibiku

Louisiana Romani: Constructing Race in the Colonial Caribbean
Authors: Ostendorf, Ann;

Louisianští Romové: Konstrukce rasy v koloniálním Karibiku

Abstract

Zkušenosti Romů z francouzské (později španělské) kolonie Louisiany osmnáctého století odhalují, že různorodě se vyvíjející americké rasové systémy vycházely i z dřívějších evropských protiromských postojů a zároveň se s nimi překrývaly. V dobových dokumentech z Louisiany se pak mnoho Romů objevuje právě v době, pro kterou je typická snaha pevněji zakotvit rasové kategorie. Mezi osoby, které bývaly označovány přívlastky odkazujícími k jejich romským kořenům nejčastěji, patřily romské ženy, které se provdaly za černošské či původní americké obyvatele, nebo se alespoň staly jejich partnerkami. Jejich výběr partnera odhaluje vnímání vlastní liminální rasové pozice, které se vytrácelo jen velmi pozvolna. Soudní výpověď muže, jenž v něm sám sebe označil termínem „Boheme“, a která je jedinou známou výpovědí koloniálního karibského Roma, zase poukazuje na jeho snahu začlenit se po svém do dobově výrazně proměnlivého rasového společenského řádu Louisiany. Obdobné kroky odhalují, jak se Romové snažili využít rasových kategorií způsobem, který by posloužil jejich vlastním zájmům. Bez zaručené plnohodnotné příslušnosti ke koloniální bělošské společnosti a kvůli své podřízené pozici ovšem měli v této snaze značně omezné možnosti. Cesta přes Atlantik donutila francouzské Romy čelit novému společenskému řádu, který se zatím plně neoddělil od toho, jenž nechávali za sebou, a nakonec najít způsob, jak se do něj začlenit.

Romani experiences in the eighteenth-century French (and then Spanish) colony of Louisiana reveal how diverse evolving American racial regimes were informed by and overlapped with older European anti-Romani sentiments. Many Roma appear in Louisiana records at the crux of solidifying racial categories. Romani women who married and partnered with Black and Native American men were most consistently labeled with words that referenced their Romani heritage. Their sexual choices reveal a perception of their racial liminality that only gradually disappeared. A self-described “Boheme” man’s court testimony, the only known self-narration by a colonial Caribbean Rom, attests to his struggle to situate himself into the distinctively fluid racialized social order of Louisiana. Such choices reveal Romani attempts to engage racial categories to suit their own interests. Yet without guaranteed full membership into colonial whiteness, their subjugated position limited their possibilities. A journey across the Atlantic forced French Roma to confront, and then position themselves into, a new social order not yet detached from the one they left behind.

Keywords

Bohemian, Roma, Gitana, New Orleans, empire, Louisiana, race, marriage

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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