This Transport Starter Data Kit contains historical annual data (1990–2021) on passenger activity, freight activity, vehicle stock, energy intensity, and load factor segregated by mode and fuel, where available. Additionally, historical data on population (total, urban, rural, growth) and GDP (total, agriculture, construction, mining, manufacturing, service, energy, growth) are included in the kit, within the 'Data' tab. The historical data can be used as a foundation for transport-energy modelling and/or to identify areas of improvement. This data was verified through consultation with relevant stakeholders before publishing. The definition used for each vehicle mode is found in the 'Definitions' tab, and the description of each data observation status is found in the 'Notes' tab. All data sources are linked where possible. Countries included: Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, Colombia, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Kenya, Cambodia, Republic of Korea, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Eswatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tunisia, Taiwan Province of China, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

This work was supported by the Climate Compatible Growth Programme (#CCG) of the UK's Foreign Development and Commonwealth Office (FCDO). The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the UK government's official policies.