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Raster layers of underwater coverage and water depth of the Media Luna spring, Mexico, generated from data of three summer periods (in the years 1999, 2009 and 2019).

Authors: Rössel-Ramírez, D. W.; Palacio-Núñez, J.; Espinosa, S.; Martínez-Montoya, J. F.;

Raster layers of underwater coverage and water depth of the Media Luna spring, Mexico, generated from data of three summer periods (in the years 1999, 2009 and 2019).

Abstract

In spatial ecology and conservation studies, first-order information obtained about habitat variables is a important information to explain the ecological and geographical scenario of species, especially endemic species (Naoki et al., 2006). For this reason, in the Media Luna spring, we selected to process the variables underwater coverage and water depth to obtain raster layers for several ecological and spatial studies. Especially for this spring, with a surface area of no more than 0.07 km² and where having a high resolution, is essential to provide more accurate information. These variables have a ecological importance for the following reasons: Water depth. It influences significantly the distribution of fish communities. While water depth increases, species richness decreases and life stages change in proportion (Prchalová et al., 2009). In particular, in the crescent, this variable has implications for both the inhabitant species (endemic and allochthonous) and their life stages (Palacio-Núñez et al., 2010; pers. obs.). In addition, there are depth-related factors such as water temperature and primary biomass productivity (Eby et al., 2003; McClain and Etter, 2005; Thrush et al., 2006; Prchalová et al., 2009). Underwater coverage. Although there are limited studies on this variable and its direct influence on the distribution of ichthyofauna, underwater vegetation coverage is important for providing shelter and feeding habitat for several species (Rozas & Odum, 1988; Brosse & Lek, 2002; Brosse et al., 2007, Hodges & Magoulick, 2011). It also influences abiotic and biotic conditions, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (O2) and biomass production (Straškraba, 1974; Brandt, 1980; Kubečka & Wittingerová, 1998; Brosse et al., 1999; Gido & Matthews, 2000; Matthews et al., 2004). In Media Luna spring, portions of bare soil arising from natural processes, tourism impact or water depth are present. However, the largest extension presents a large coverage of underwater macrophyte vegetation dominated by the species Nymphaea ampla (Salisb. DC. 1806) in different ecomorphologies (Palacio-Núñez et al., 2010). Given the ecological importance of both variables for aquatic species and the natural system of Media Luna, we processed and generated the raster layers from three years (1999, 2009 and 2019) in summer period, when the fieldwork was carried out. For the 1999 summer period, we used as cartographic bases the geographic material provided by Palacio-Núñez et al. (2010), adjusted with orthophotos (INEGI, 2019). For the summer periods of 2009 and 2019 we used satellite imagery (USGS Explorer, 2019); additionally, in 2019, we obtained echosounder data. The variable water depth was processed by IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted; Bartier & Keller, 1996) interpolation with a P coefficient of 2.0 and a GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of 0.1m. Thus, in the summer period of the three years, we generated a digital bathymetric model (BDM) with a range of 0.0 to 36.2 m depth. it is relevant to mention that in this variable we did not observe a structural or compositional change between the three summer periods. On the other hand, we processed and generated the underwater coverage variable by the supervised reclassification method, based on NASA's classification accuracy methodology (Kalluri et al., 2003; Equation 1). Equation 1 Where: Ni, is the total number of pixels classified for each class. Wi, is the total area (ha) for each class / total area (ha). Pij, is the number of points classified for each class / total number of points classified. CI 95 %= 1.96 * S(A^)(ha) In this UC reclassification, we considered the initial classification proposed by Palacio-Núñez et al. (2010) for this spring, based on the bare soil types and vegetation ecomorphologies of N. ampla at this site. Therefore, the bare soil was categorized according to its origin as: 1) natural bare soil, 2) bare soil by tourism and 3) bare soil by depth. On the other hand, the vegetation coverage, dominated by N. ampla, was categorized as: 1) small carpet, plants with a height of less than 0.3 m and heart-shaped leaves; 2) big carpet, plants with stems of variable length and ovoid leaves that do not reach the water surface; and 3) mature shape, with floating leaves and characteristic white flowering. Additionally, we proposed a categorization for remmants of vegetation in Bc and Ms: big carpet patch and mature shape patch. This variable was also processed with a GSD of 0.1m. In both variables, we maintained the same projection system in WGS84/Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG: 3857) and the same extension by summer period.

Keywords

Predictor variables, Undewater coverage, Water spring, Species distribution models, Isolated ecosystem, Endemic and endangered fishes, Rioverde plain, Water depth

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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