Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is an exogenous infectious ocular disease, which is caused by pathogens, inserted intraocularly either during surgery or postoperatively. Several risk factors have been identified for the development of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and they can be pre-, intra- or post-operative. Clinically patients with acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery present with pain, redness, purulent discharge and blurred vision, while lid, conjunctival and corneal edema, vitritis and retinitis may also coexist. It is crucial to keep aseptic measures, while guidelines for endophthalmitis prophylaxis have been proposed to reduce the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. Prompt diagnosis seems to be very important for the optimal management and prognosis.