The SIF datasets (i.e., SIF2019 and SIF2020) accompany the paper "Regional-Scale Cotton Yield Forecast via Data-Driven Spatio-Temporal Prediction (STP) of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF)" that was published in Remote Sensing of Environment on October 20, 2023. They have a spatial resolution of about 50 m and a monthly temporal resolution. Each of them has seven bands, corresponding to April to October. Please refer to our previous work, "Downscaling solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for field-scale cotton yield estimation by a two-step convolutional neural network", which was published in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture on August 14, 2022, for the development and detailed description. The geographic reference (ESPG: 4326 (WGS_1984)) is the same for the two dataset, conforming to that in the geotiff file. Citation: [1] Kang, X., Huang, C., Zhang, L., Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Lv, X., 2023. Regional-scale cotton yield forecast via data-driven spatio-temporal prediction (STP) of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF). Remote Sensing of Environment 299, 113861. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2023.113861 [2] Kang, X., Huang, C., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Lv, X., 2022. Downscaling solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for field-scale cotton yield estimation by a two-step convolutional neural network. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 201, 107260. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2022.107260 [3] Kang, X., Huang, C., Chen, J.M., Lv, X., Wang, J., Zhong, T., Wang, H., Fan, X., Ma, Y., Yi, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Tong, Q., 2023. The 10-m cotton maps in Xinjiang, China during 2018-2021. Sci Data 10, 688. doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02584-3 [4] Lang, P., Zhang, L., Huang, C., Chen, J., Kang, X., Zhang, Z., Tong, Q., 2023. Integrating environmental and satellite data to estimate county-level cotton yield in Xinjiang Province. Frontiers in Plant Science 13, 1048479. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1048479