This article highlights some issues of methodology and theoretical foundations of historical science. The article analyzes the formation and development of historical science in Uzbekistan, which has its centuries-old historical roots. The fact that the theoretical and scientific views put forward by world scientists in the field of historical science at the beginning of the 20th century are also expressed by Central Asian historians indicates that the development of historiography and historical science occurred in harmony with world history. It should be noted that the views of the Jadids, especially Mahmudhoj Behbudi and Abdurauf Fitrat, were widespread mainly in Central Asia and to some extent influenced the progress of the educational sphere; they also paid special attention to historical science and expressed their opinion on the need for a deep study of history.