Rice plant protection is an essential part of the rice production. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development and ensure national food and ecological security, there is important significance to improve the utilization of agricultural resources and enhance the control capabilities of the sudden area-wide pest infestation. Based on the review of the current status and existing problems of Rice Plant Protection Machinery (RPPM) in China, including manpower spraying equipment, small power plant protection machinery, large and medium-sized power plant protection machinery, and aviation application, the urgent needs of the new precise and efficient paddy pesticide spraying machinery in modern agricultural production were discussed. And then the future directions of RPPM were pointed out, which includes the precision spraying and efficient spraying. Finally, the countermeasures to promote the rapid development of RPPM were put forward, which including broaden the coverage of a single spraying operation, strengthening the method innovation of paddy spraying, and vigorously promote the application of aviation plant protection.