Current climate and site data in Excel formpredicted 2080 plus current climate data for PCA in Excel formData file for multiple group PCA current climateData file for PCA on combined predicted plus current climateOutput for PCA on combined predicted and current climateThorpe et al phylogenetic data in nexus formatZipped file containing individual data files for all species used, names by species and gene name, in nexus formatPhylogenetic trees for all species usedZip file containing individual tree files names by species and the method of analysis used to produce themThorpe et al trees.zipAnolis marmoratus Basse Terre GuadeloupeData Set A Quantitative TraitsData Set A Quantitative Traits Anolis marmoratus Basse Terre Guadeloupe.txtAnolis oculatus DominicaData Set B Quantitative TraitsData Set B Quantitative Traits Anolis oculatus Dominica.txtAnolis roquet series MartiniqueData Set C Quantitative TraitsData Set C Quantitative Traits Anolis roquet series Martinique.txtAnolis roquet complex MartiniqueData Set D Quantitative TraitsData Set D Quantitative Traits Anolis roquet complex Martinique.txtAnolis luciae St LuciaData Set E Quantitative TraitsData Set E Quantitative Traits Anolis luciae St Lucia.txtAnolis trinitatis St VincentData Set F Quantitative TraitsData Set F Quantitative Traits Anolis trinitatis St Vincent.txtAnolis richardii GrenadaData Set G Quantitative TraitsData Set G Quantitative Traits Anolis richardii Grenada.txtAnolis aeneus GrenadaData Set H Quantitative TraitsData Set H Quantitative Traits Anolis aeneus Grenada.txt

Global warming will impact species in a number of ways, and it is important to know the extent to which natural populations can adapt to anthropogenic climate change by natural selection. Parallel microevolution within separate species can demonstrate natural selection, but several studies of homoplasy have not yet revealed examples of widespread parallel evolution in a generic radiation. Taking into account primary phylogeographic divisions, we investigate numerous quantitative traits (size, shape, scalation, colour pattern and hue) in anole radiations from the mountainous Lesser Antillean islands. Adaptation to climatic differences can lead to very pronounced differences between spatially close populations with all studied traits showing some evidence of parallel evolution. Traits from shape, scalation, pattern and hue (particularly the latter) show widespread evolutionary parallels within these species in response to altitudinal climate variation greater than extreme anthropogenic climate change predicted for 2080. This gives strong evidence of the ability to adapt to climate variation by natural selection throughout this radiation. As anoles can evolve very rapidly, it suggests anthropogenic climate change is likely to be less of a conservation threat than other factors, such as habitat loss and invasive species, in this, Lesser Antillean, biodiversity hot spot.