Background: Plant survival is a key factor in forest dynamics and survival probabilities often vary across life stages. Studies specifically aimed at assessing tree survival are unusual and so data initially designed for other purposes often need to be used; such data are more likely to contain errors than data collected for this specific purpose. Results: We investigate the survival rates of ten tree species in a dataset designed to monitor growth rates. As some individuals were not included in the census at some time points we use capture-mark-recapture methods both to allow us to account for missing individuals, and to estimate relocation probabilities. Growth rates, size, and light availability were included as covariates in the model predicting survival rates. The study demonstrates that tree mortality is best described as constant between years and size-dependent at early life stages and size independent at later life stages for most species of UK hardwood. We have demonstrated that even with a twenty-year dataset it is possible to discern variability both between individuals and between species. Conclusions: Our work illustrates the potential utility of the method applied here for calculating plant population dynamics parameters in time replicated datasets with small sample sizes and missing individuals without any loss of sample size, and including explanatory covariates.

Survival of ten tree species in the UK - raw dataForest trees monitored included 10 species: Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore, ACERPS, Nsaplings = 16, Nadults = 41), Fraxinus excelsior, (European ash, FRAXEX, Nsaplings = 16, Nadults = 41), Quercus robur (Pedunculate oak, QUERRO, Nsaplings = 5, Nadults = 18), Fagus sylvatica, (European beech, FAGUSY, Nsaplings = 5, Nadults = 19), Corylus avellana (Common hazel, CORYAV, Nsaplings = 18, Nadults = 11), Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, CRATMO, Nsaplings = 8, Nadults = 13), Acer campestre (Field maple, ACERCA, Nsaplings = 0, Nadults = 13), Betula spp. (Birch, BETUSP, Nsaplings = 0, Nadults = 13), Salix spp. (Willow, SALISP, Nsaplings = 4, Nadults = 4), and Sambucus nigra (Elder, SAMBINI, Nsaplings = 12, Nadults = 11).Survival raw data.xlsx