Two taxa of Philodendron, P asplundii Croat & M. L. Soares and P heleniae subsp. ama- zonense Croat, are described as new. Both are known only from the Amazon basin, and both are widespread taxa that until now have remained un- named. Philodendron asplundii is a member of Philodendron subg. Philodendron sect. Philoden- dron and is native to French Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. While it is highly variable in terms of blade shape, it is char- acterized by having cataphylls that weather into a network of fine fibers with thin patches of epidermis and blades with prominently raised cross-veins ex- tending between the minor veins. Philodendron he- leniae subsp. amazonense is a member of Philoden- dron subg. Philodendron sect. Calostigma subsect. Oligocarpidium and is native to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It is characterized by its scan- dent habit, the moderately elongate reddish brown- drying internodes, subterete petioles, narrowly ovate, subcordate yellow-brown drying blades, and clusters of up to 5 small whitish inflorescences.