As a result of a revision of Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae), three new species of Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae) from Brazil are described and il- lustrated: Pilocarpus alatus C. J. Joseph ex Skoru- pa, Pilocarpus carajaensis Skorupa, and Pilocarpus sulcatus Skorupa. Data on the geographic distri- bution, habitat, and phenology are given for all the new taxa. Pilocarpus is a neotropical genus described by Vahl (1797), encompassing shrubs or small trees occurring from the south of Mexico through Central America and the Lesser Antilles and Greater An- tilles to the south of South America. The majority of the species occur in Brazil, where they are found in habitats characterized by various climatic con- ditions, soils, and vegetation types throughout the country. Skorupa's (1996) revision of Pilocarpus recog- nized 16 species, including three new species in Brazil. This revision took into consideration not only morphology, as did Kaastra (1982), but also wood anatomy, n-alkane distribution patterns of fo- liar epicuticular waxes, chromosome numbers, and pollen morphology as additional sources of taxo- nomic evidence. Folia imparipinnata, (2-)3-4(-5)-juga; lamina 3.3-17.0 x 1.5-7.5 cm, anguste elliptica anguste oblonga vel lan- ceolata, apice acuminato; petiolo cum rhachidi alato. Flo- res sessiles; calyce lobulis inaequalibus, rotundis vel triangularibus, valvatis; corolla valvata, 6.5-7.0 mm diam., petalis castaneis extus puberulis; filamentis paulo subulatis, apice obtuso; stigmate capitato dilatato, ovario pubescente. Fructus ex 1-5 coccis constans; seminibus nigris.