The composition and spatial distribution of mesozooplankton of Nuevo Gulf, Argentina, were analyzed from surface samples taken on July, 1997. A total of 32 taxa were recorded. The highest abundances were found close to Nueva Bay, which is located nearby a growing urban population, whereas the lowest values were detected in the center of the gulf. Holoplankton dominated at all stations and evidenced a homogeneous spatial distribution. Meroplankton showed a more heterogeneous pattern. Ctenocalanus vanus was the most abundant taxon followed by Paracalanus parvus. Gastropoda veligers dominated the meroplanktonic fraction. Our results showed that the spatial distribution of the mesozooplankton seemed to be mainly influenced by the dominant hydrological circulation pattern of the region. This research establishes the first scientific basis for further studies in zooplankton communities of this important gulf, closely related to a natural protected worldwide known area declared a world heritage site by UNESCO.