Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum fusiforme, described from Zayu county in southeastern Xizang (Tibet), China, is conspecific with T. rostellatum, a Sino-Himalayan species widely distributed in Bhutan, China (southwestern and southeastern Xizang, northwestern Yunnan), northern India, and Nepal. We therefore reduce T. fusiforme to the synonymy of T. rostellatum herein. The geographical distribution of T. rostellatum in China is also clarified through the correction of some misidentifications, and lectotypification is proposed for T. rostellatum.