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A Geometrical Approach to Enhance Security Against Cyber Attacks in Digital Substations

Authors: Elrawy, Mohamed; Fioravanti, Camilla; Oliva, Gabriele; K. Michael, Maria; Setola, Roberto;

A Geometrical Approach to Enhance Security Against Cyber Attacks in Digital Substations

Abstract

Smart grid technology drives economic and social development but raises vulnerability to cyber threats due to digital substations’ growing reliance. To counter these risks, recent updates to communication standards, including encryption and authentication processes, have been integrated into the infrastructure. Notably, adhering to the IEC 62351 standard governing the GOOSE protocol for substation communication faces practical challenges due to conflicting time requirements with traditional security procedures. In this paper, we present an innovative geometric approach for GOOSE message authentication and encryption. Utilizing vector coordinate shifts, our method exhibits efficiency and speed of implementation, ensuring compliance with the protocol’s stringent time constraints. Importantly, unlike other approaches in the literature, our technique has the potential to be easily applicable and effective for a wide range of infrastructures without requiring the use or addition of specific hardware components or changes to the GOOSE message format, while guaranteeing high performances and computational simplicity. The paper is complemented by a simulation campaign on a digital substation model, assessing the approach’s performance and its efficacy in countering cyber threats.

Keywords

cyber-security, IEC 61850, IEC 62351, Cyber-physical systems, digital substation, GOOSE protocol, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, smart grid, TK1-9971

  • BIP!
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    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    2
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
gold