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The developing pig respiratory microbiome harbors strains antagonistic to common respiratory pathogens

Authors: Abel A. Vlasblom; Birgitta Duim; Shriram Patel; Roosmarijn E. C. Luiken; Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo; Julia Eckenberger; Chloe E. Huseyin; +5 Authors

The developing pig respiratory microbiome harbors strains antagonistic to common respiratory pathogens

Abstract

ABSTRACT In the global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance and reduce antimicrobial use in pig production, there is a continuous search for methods to prevent and/or treat infections. Within this scope, we explored the relationship between the developing piglet nasal microbiome and (zoonotic) bacterial pathogens from birth until 10 weeks of life. The nasal microbiome of 54 pigs was longitudinally studied over 16 timepoints on 9 farms in 3 European countries (Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands) using amplicon sequencing targeting the V3-V4 16S rRNA region as well as the tuf gene for its staphylococcal discrimination power. The piglets’ age, the farm, and the litter affected the nasal microbiome, with piglets’ age explaining 19% of the variation in microbial composition between samples. Stabilization of the microbiome occurred around 2 weeks post-weaning. Notably, while opportunistic pathogens were ubiquitously present, they did not cause disease. The piglet nasal microbiome often carried species associated with gut, skin, or vagina, which suggests that contact with the vaginal and fecal microbiomes shapes the piglet nasal microbiome. We identified bacterial co-abundance groups of species that were present in the nasal microbiomes in all three countries over time. Anti-correlation between these species and known bacterial pathogens identified species that might be exploited for pathogen reduction. Further experimental evidence is required to confirm these findings. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the piglet nasal microbiome, the factors influencing it, and its longitudinal development, providing insights into its role in health and disease. IMPORTANCE Our study on the nasal microbiota development in piglets across farms in three European countries found that the microbiomes developed similarly in all locations. Additionally, we observed that the colonization of porcine pathogens was either positively or negatively associated with the presence of other bacterial species. These findings enhance our knowledge of co-colonizing species in the nasal cavity and the identified microbial interactions that can be explored for the development of interventions to control pathogens in porcine husbandry.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Bacteria, Swine, Microbiota, microbiome development, respiratory pathogens, microbiome, nasal, Nose, colonization, porcine, Microbiology, QR1-502, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Germany, Life Science, Animals, Female, Nasal Cavity, Research Article

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    influence
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold