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Geophysical Research Letters
Article . 1987 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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Geophysical Research Letters
Article
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The propagation speed of a positive lightning return stroke

Authors: Douglas M. Mach; Vincent P. Idone; Richard E. Orville; W. David Rust;

The propagation speed of a positive lightning return stroke

Abstract

The first direct determination of the propagation speed of a lightning return stroke lowering positive charge to ground has been made. This stroke was the third of eight otherwise negative strokes in a triggered lightning flash initiated at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Two independent optical systems, one photographic and the other photoelectric, yielded common recordings for the third and fourth strokes; the respective two‐dimensional return stroke propagation speeds were 1.0 vs. 0.93 ×108 m/s for the positive (third) stroke and 1.0 vs. 1.0 ×108 m/s for the fourth stroke. Using fast electric‐field data, we estimated the positive stroke peak current to be 21 kA. Photoelectric data only yielded propagation speeds of 1.4, 1.6, 1.2, 1.3, 1.0 and 0.90 × 108 m/s for the first, second and fifth through eighth return strokes, respectively. All propagation speeds were evaluated over 850 m of channel near ground and have an error estimate of 10‐15%. For this positive stroke, we found a return stroke propagation speed typical of negative strokes. Whether positive return strokes, in general, travel at typical negative return stroke speeds must await future measurements.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
OpenAIRE UsageCountsViews provided by UsageCounts
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23
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