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Os efeitos do clima e geologia na diversificação e ecologia das rãs do grupo Lithobates Palmipes (Ranidae)

Authors: Coelho, Felipe Eduardo Alves;

Os efeitos do clima e geologia na diversificação e ecologia das rãs do grupo Lithobates Palmipes (Ranidae)

Abstract

Entender quais fatores causaram o surgimento de novas espécies é fundamental para conhecermos a história da vida na Terra. A região neotropical é uma das mais ricas do planeta e muito ainda precisa ser desvendado sobre os processos que levaram a diversificação da biota nessa região. Historicamente, a América Central e do Sul passaram por drásticas mudanças geológicas e climáticas. Em paralelo a tais mudanças ocorreu a diversificação de anfíbios da família Ranidae nos Netrópicos. Neste trabalho, nós testamos os efeitos de mudanças geológicas e climáticas na diversificação do grupo Lithobates palmipes (Anura, Ranidae). No capítulo 1, testamos se especiação alopátrica devido a mudanças geológicas, ou se especiação ecológica devido a disponibilidade de novos ambientes, desempenhou um papel mais importante na diversificação do grupo Lithobates palmipes. Usando análises de estimativa de área ancestral e análises filoclimáticas, encontramos que a diversificação no grupo Lithobates palmipes está associada a sucessivos eventos de dispersão no sentido norte-sul para novas áreas formadas durante o surgimento da América Central, seguido de divergência no nicho climático, sugerindo a prevalência de especiação ecológica. No capítulo 2, testamos os efeitos das conexões entre Mata Atlântica e a Floresta Amazônica na diversificação e ecologia da espécie L. palmipes através de análises filogeográficas, filoclimáticas e modelagem de nicho. L. palmipes compreende uma espécie com populações geneticamente estruturada por bioma. Relações filogenéticas e modelagem de nicho indicam a utilização da conexão pelo Nordeste brasileiro durante o Pleistoceno, que causou rápida divergência de nicho entre grupos em cada bioma. Apesar da estruturação por bioma, uma das linhagens mitocondriais é composta por indivíduos do leste da Amazônia e da Mata Atlântica, enquanto a outra é composta por indivíduos do oeste da Amazônia. Baseado no nosso resultado, a diversificação do grupo de espécies L. palmipes é resultado da interação entre mudanças geológicas e climáticas nos Neotrópicos.

Understand which factors caused species diversification is fundamental to know the history of life on Earth. The neotropics is one the richest regions and much remains to be known about the processes underlying diversification in this region. Central and South America formation was marked by dramatic geological and climatic changes. Parallel do these changes, occurred the diversification of Neotropical Ranidae. In this study, we tested the effects of geological and climatic changes on diversification of Lithobates palmipes species group (Anura, Ranidae). In chapter 1, we tested if either allopatric speciation due to geological changes, or ecological speciation due to new environments, have played a main role in Lithobates palmipes group diversification. Using ancestral range estimative and phyloclimatic analysis, we found that L. palmipes group diversification is related to dispersal to new areas followed by climatic niche divergence, suggesting the prevalence of ecological speciation. In chapter 2, we tested the effects of the connections between the Atlantic and Amazon Forests on the diversification and ecology of the L. palmipes species through phylogeographic, phyloclimatic analyzes and niche modeling. Lithobates palmipes comprises a species genetically structured by biome. Phylogenetic relationships, and niche modeling indicate the usage of northeast connection during the Pleistocene, which caused rapid niche divergence between groups in each biome. Despite the structure by biome, one of the mitochondrial lineages is composed by individuals from eastern Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest, while the other is composed by western Amazonia individuals. Based on our result, the diversification of the L. palmipes species group is the result of the interaction between geological and climatic changes in the Neotropics.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

2023-06-09

Keywords

Biogeografia, Filogeografia, Neotrópicos, Nicho climático, Grupo Lithobates palmipes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average