The aim of our study was to investigate the dependence of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with arterial hypertension and concomitant abdominal obesity depending on Pro197Leu polymorphism of the GPX1 gene. Pro197Leu polymorphism of the gene GPX1 in 102 patients with arterial hypertension and concomitant abdominal obesity and 97 healthy individuals have been studied. Disorders of distribution of genotype frequencies comparing with the control group on account of the reduction of Pro/Pro genotype frequency have been found in the main group. Analyzing the data, the growth of risk of disorder in the GPX1 activity in patients with Pro/Leu and Leu/Leu variants of polymorphism comparing with homozygotes for the wild allele at 4.7 and 6.9 times, respectively had been revealed. Analyzing changes of carbohydrate metabolism depending on the Pro197Leu polymorphism of the gene GPX1, it was established that in patients with Leu/Leu genotype the production of immunoreactive insulin, leptin, C-peptide increased significantly, HOMA-IR and BMI was significantly higher compared with the persons with Pro/Pro genotype. Thus, Pro-allele possesses protective properties as to the reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase. Insulin and leptin resistance develop in the carriers of Leu-allele, which causes disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism.