
The main result of this paper is a proof of existence of a nontrivial knot on any embedded template, that was left as an open question to prove in [Ghrist et al., 1997] without using the Bennequin's inequality [Ghrist et al., 1997]. This result in the branched two-manifold case, which we prove by a sequence of lemmas showing our simple template (or ones with twists) containing nontrivial knots is (are) contained in every template as a subtemplate, enables us to generalize it later in this paper to certain forms of three-templates in four-dimensional dynamical systems by simply using the technique of "spinning" the knots in the lower dimensional templates to obtain the spun knotted surfaces.
branched manifolds, templates, Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows, knots, Approximation methods and numerical treatment of dynamical systems, knotted surfaces
branched manifolds, templates, Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows, knots, Approximation methods and numerical treatment of dynamical systems, knotted surfaces
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