This paper addresses a novel economic model predictive control (MPC) formulation based on a periodicity constraint to achieve an optimal periodic operation for discrete-time linear systems. The proposed control strategy does not rely on forcing the terminal state by means of a terminal equality constraint and hence it does not require a priori knowledge of a periodic steady trajectory. Instead, at each sampling time step the economic cost function is optimized based on a periodicity constraint over all the periodic trajectories that include the current state. The recursive feasibility and the closed-loop convergence to a periodic steady trajectory are discussed. Moreover, an optimality certificate of this steady trajectory is provided based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Finally, an application to a well-known water distribution network benchmark is presented to demonstrate the proposed economic MPC in which the closed-loop simulation results obtained with a linear model and a virtual–reality simulator are both provided Unión Europea, European Development Research Fund (EDRF) DEOCS (DPI2016-76493) and SCAV (DPI2017-88403-R), Generalitat de Catalunya 2017-SGR-482 FPI Grant BES-2014-068319