The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of exploring the Bas’yanovo archaeological complex of the Neolithic in the forest Trans-Urals. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries A. F. Shorin and V. A. Arefiev identified this ceramic complex initially as an independent type of ceramics based on materials from the Koksharovsky hill sanctuary. The authors of the first researches showed the markers of this ceramic complex, its similarity and difference from the vessels of the Boborykino culture. After the excavations of the Vtoroy poselok I site, the features of the stone industry of this new archaeological phenomenon, similar and distinguishing features of it from the Boborykino culture, were highlighted. The data on the relative stratigraphy of Koksharovsky hill, as well as the analysis of the base of radiocarbon dates, made it possible to determine the chronological framework of this cultural phenomenon within the last quarter of the 6th–5th millennium BC, i. e. the late Neolithic of the Trans-Urals. However, at present, based on materials from the excavations of the Beregovaya II site on the Gorbunovsky peat bog, the age of the Bas’yanovo cultural tradition is proposed to be dated to the turn of the 7th–6th millennium BC, i. e. attributed to the very beginning of the Neolithic in the region. The status of this cultural phenomenon in the accepted archaeological definitions can be assessed as a local variant of the Boborykino culture. The assessment of the ratio of the Boborykino and Bas’yanovo complexes of the Trans-Urals can also be interpreted from the standpoint of another culturological approach — the concept of “archaeological continuity”.