
doi: 10.1063/1.3060169
We study concentrated bound states of the Schrödinger–Newton equations h2Δψ−E(x)ψ+Uψ=0, ψ>0, x∊R3; ΔU+12|ψ|2=0, x∊R3; ψ(x)→0, U(x)→0 as |x|→∞. Moroz et al. [“An analytical approach to the Schrödinger-Newton equations,” Nonlinearity 12, 201 (1999)] proved the existence and uniqueness of ground states of Δψ−ψ+Uψ=0, ψ>0, x∊R3; ΔU+12|ψ|2=0, x∊R3; ψ(x)→0, U(x)→0 as |x|→∞. We first prove that the linearized operator around the unique ground state radial solution (ψ0,U0) with ψ0(r)=(Ae−r/r)(1+o(1)) as r=|x|→∞, U0(r)=(B/r)(1+o(1)) as r=|x|→∞ for some A,B>0 has a kernel whose dimension is exactly 3 (corresponding to the translational modes). Using this result we further show that if for some positive integer K the points Pi∊R3, i=1,2…,K, with Pi≠Pj for i≠j are all local minimum or local maximum or nondegenerate critical points of E(P), then for h small enough there exist solutions of the Schrödinger–Newton equations with K bumps which concentrate at Pi. We also prove that given a local maximum point P0 of E(P) there exists a solution with K bumps which all concentrate at P0 and whose distances to P0 are at least O(h1/3).
gravitation, NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations), partial differential equations, Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger equation, ground states, bound states
gravitation, NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations), partial differential equations, Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger equation, ground states, bound states
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