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The Astrophysical Journal
Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2004
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Cosmological Growth History of Supermassive Black Holes and Demographics in High-zUniverse

Do Lyman-Break Galaxies Have Supermassive Black Holes?
Authors: Hosokawa, T.;

Cosmological Growth History of Supermassive Black Holes and Demographics in High-zUniverse

Abstract

We study the demographics of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the local and high-z universe with hard X-ray luminosity functions (HXLFs) of AGNs. First, we compare the mass accretion history at z>0 with optical luminosity functions (OLFs) and that with HXLFs. We consider the constraints on parameters of mass accretion (energy conversion efficiency and Eddington ratio) and conclude that the constraints based on HXLFs are more adequate rather than that based on OLFs. The sub-Eddington case is allowed only when we use HXLFs. Next, we estimate the upper limit of the cumulative mass density of SMBHs at any redshifts. For an application, we examine if Lyman-Break galaxies (LBGs) at z=3 already have SMBHs in their centers which is suggested by recent observations. If most of LBGs already has massive SMBHs at z=3, the resultant mass density of SMBHs at z=0 should exceed the observational estimate because such SMBHs should further grow by accretion. We show that the special conditions should be met in order that a large part of LBGs have SMBHs (for example, large energy conversion efficiency and frequent mergers and/or direct formations at z>3). The possibility that nearly all LBGs have SMBHs with large mass ratio, such as M_BH/M_stellar > 0.005, is reliably ruled out.(abridged)

30 pages including 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Keywords

Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold