Objective. To improve the immediate and late results of surgical treatment in patients, suffering the large bowel (LB) diseases, using improvement of standard and elaboration of new methods of radical, оrgan-preserving, restorational and reconstructive-restorational operations. Маterials and methods. New methods of radical, оrgan-preserving, restorational and reconstructive-restorational operations on LB were elaborated, taking into account peculiarities of the diseases morphogenesis, аnatomical and functional details of the LB separate parts. The operations mentioned were performed in 497 patients, suffering LB cancer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, chronic decompensated colostasis, complicated by the LB diverticular disease. Results. Due to implementation into clinical practice of the surgical interventions elaborated, the postoperative morbidity occurrence rate have reduced down to 2.4%, postoperative lethality - to 0.2%, the functional results improved, the occurrence rate and the severity degree for pathological postoperative syndromes have lowered (reflux-ileitis, postcolectomy syndrome, syndrome of low anterior resection, secondary anal incontinence), the governing of the outflow process after rectal extirpation was guaranteed, the operated patients quality of life improved essentially due to introduction of the surgical interventions elaborated. Conclusion. Improvement of the surgical treatment results for the LB diseases is possible while applying of new methods of radical, organ-preserving , restorational and reconstructive-restorational operations, what promotes the essential reduction of the occurrence rate for the LB diseases recurrence occurrence, pathological syndromes morbidity and their severity degree, significant improvement of functional results and quality of life in the patients operated.