One of the modern tasks of the agricultural complex in the light of the provisions of the country’s Food Security Doctrine is to accelerate the selection progress to breed animals of the desired type. A comparative evaluation of the milk productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed with different selection methods (intra-line breeding and genealogical line crosses) during the first lactation in the breeding farm “Barybino” – “Koalko-Agro” in the Moscow region has been presented in the article. It has been found that the highest indicators of milk productivity have been obtained when the genealogical lines were crossbred. Thus, when using sires of Pabst Governer 882933 line on cows of Montwick Chieftain 95679 line the milk yield was 8419 kg with fat content of 4,20 % and protein of 3,15 %, the open days period duration was 95 days. High productivity indicators have been characterized by cows from the combination of sires of line Wes Back Ideal 10134115 and cows of line Montwick Chieftain 95679 when milk yield was 8074 kg with fat content of 4,20 and protein of 3,10 %, the duration of the open days period was 117 days. The productivity of cows from the combination of sires of line Pabst Governor 882933 and cows of line Reflection Sovering 198998 was also characterized by high milk yield 8054 kg with fat content of 4,10 and protein of 3,0 %, the duration of the open days period was 107 days. Thus, the combination of genealogical lines has influence on the indicators of milk productivity and reproductive traits of highly productive cows, which must be taken into account when conducting breeding work.