
Recent anatomical and radiological studies of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) suggest the ACL length and orientation change during knee flexion, and an open MRI sequencing during knee flexion enables a dynamic ACL analysis. This study's goal is to describe a normal ACL using a 1T open MRI and, in particular, variations in length and insertion angles at different degrees of flexion. Twenty-one volunteers with clinically healthy knees received a dynamic MRI with their knees in hyperextension, neutral position, and flexed at 45° and 90° angles. For each position, two radiologists measured the ACL lengths and angles of the proximal insertion between the ACL's anterior edge and the roof of the inter-condylar notch. Additionally, we measured the ACL's and the tibial plateau's distal angle insertion between their anterior edges and then compared these with the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. The ACL had a significant extension between the 90° flexion and all other positions (hyperextension: 31.75 ± 2.5 mm, neutral position: 32.5 ± 2.6 mm, 45°: 35.6 ± 1.6 mm, 90°: 35.6 ± 1.6 mm). There was also a significant increase of the angle insertion between the proximal 90° flexion and all other positions, as well as between hyperextension and bending to 45° (hyperextension: 2.45° ± 3.7°, neutral: 13.4° ± 9.7°, 45°: 33 25 ± 9.3, 90: 51.85° ± 9.3°). Additionally, there is a significant increase in the distal angle insertion for all positions (hyperextension: 133.2° ± 5.4°, neutral position: 134.95° ± 4.4°, 45°: 138.35° ± 5.9°, 90°: 149.15° ± 8.6°). Our study is the first to exhibit that a dynamic MRI has a significant ACL extension in vivo during bending. This concept opens the way for further studies to improve the diagnosis of traumatic ACL injuries using a dynamic MRI.
Adult, Male, [SDV.MHEP.AHA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Knee Joint, Anterior Cruciate Ligament/anatomy & histology, Dynamic MRI, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/diagnostic imaging, Knee Joint/anatomy & histology, Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology, Anterior Cruciate Ligament/diagnostic imaging, Open field, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Tibia/anatomy & histology, Young Adult, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Humans, Knee, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Range of Motion, Articular, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Anatomie (cytologie, histologie, embryologie...) & physiologie, Tibia, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Anatomic Variation, Middle Aged, Life sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging, Healthy Volunteers, Biomechanical Phenomena, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Sciences du vivant, Surgery, Female, Anatomy, Anterior cruciate ligament
Adult, Male, [SDV.MHEP.AHA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Knee Joint, Anterior Cruciate Ligament/anatomy & histology, Dynamic MRI, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/diagnostic imaging, Knee Joint/anatomy & histology, Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology, Anterior Cruciate Ligament/diagnostic imaging, Open field, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Tibia/anatomy & histology, Young Adult, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Humans, Knee, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Range of Motion, Articular, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Anatomie (cytologie, histologie, embryologie...) & physiologie, Tibia, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Anatomic Variation, Middle Aged, Life sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging, Healthy Volunteers, Biomechanical Phenomena, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Sciences du vivant, Surgery, Female, Anatomy, Anterior cruciate ligament
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